Womens Liberation Movement Essay Example For Students

Womens Liberation Movement Essay Womens Liberation MovementBetty Friedan wrote that the only way for a woman, as for a man, to find herself, to know herself as a person, is by creative work of her own. The message here is that women need more than just a husband, children, and a home to feel fulfilled; women need independence and creative outlets, unrestrained by the pressures of society. Throughout much of history, women have struggled with the limited roles society imposed on them. The belief that women were intellectually inferior, physically weaker, and overemotional has reinforced stereotypes throughout history. In the 1960s, however, women challenged their roles as the happy little homemakers. Their story is the story of the Womens Liberation Movement. We will write a custom essay on Womens Liberation Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The struggle for womens rights did not begin in the 1960s. What has come to be called Womens Lib was, in fact, the second wave of a civil rights movement that began in the early 19th century. This first wave revolved around gaining suffrage (the right to vote). Earlier womens movements to improve the lives of prostitutes, increase wages and employment opportunities for working women, ban alcohol, and abolish slavery inspired and led directly to the organized campaign for womens suffrage. The movement towards womens suffrage began in 1840 when Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton went to London to attend a World Anti-Slavery Society Convention. The were barred from attending and told to sit in a curtained enclosure with other women attendees if they wished to meet. This incident inspired Mott and Stanton to organize the First Womens Rights Convention which was held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Three hundred women and some men came. The Declaration of Sentiments and Resoluti ons, which stressed equality among men and women and also listed grievances, like womens lack of voting, property, marriage, and education rights, was written at the convention and signed afterwards. This event inspired other conventions, like the first National Womens Rights Convention in 1850, and the formation of organizations, like the National American Womens Suffrage Association in 1890, both of which aided the fight for womens suffrage. After women got the right to vote in 1920, the most devoted members of the womens movement focused on gaining other rights for women. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, who had created the National Womens Party in 1916 to work for womens suffrage, turned their efforts toward passing the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). This amendment, which would make all forms of discrimination based on sex illegal, did not receive significant support and never passed. Arguments against the ERA, advocated by social reformers, such as Florence Kelley and Jane Addams, alo ng with administrators in the Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor, were that the ERA would, in reality, eliminate protective legislation for women, harming working-class women instead of helping them. Another issue that the Womens Rights Movement undertook was womens reproductive rights. In early 19th century American society, a husband could legally demand sexual intercourse from his wife, even if she didnt consent. Because of this, the issue of birth control began to surface among women activists. Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman started advocating birth control in the 1920s. The American Birth Control League, which would later become the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, was founded in 1921. Throughout the 1900s, birth control would remain an important issue in the Womens Rights Movement. In the 1960s, the second wave of the Womens Rights Movement began. Attitudes toward women in the 1960s were not very different than they had been in the 1920s, so in the 1960s women began again to fight for their unattained equality. World War II had brought large numbers of women out of their homes and into the workforce. Many women began to acknowledge their dissatisfaction with being only a wife and mother with no means for a career. Betty Friedan was a woman who wrote about her experiences as a housewife in her book The Feminine Mystique. She wrote about the buried and unspoken problem, that lack of fulfillment that middle-class, educated suburban housewives could not identify within their lives, but knew existed. Friedan helped launch the modern wave of the Womens Rights Movement by inspiring thousands of women to look beyond their roles as homemakers for fulfillment. .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 , .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .postImageUrl , .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 , .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:hover , .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:visited , .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:active { border:0!important; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:active , .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79 .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda50aa2396e8a75fa516131df0e0cb79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Counseling And Psycotherapy EssayBy 1968, people were starting to talk about Womens Liberation. The new wave of the Womens Civil Rights movement had begun, and the social, economic, and political rights of women had resurfaced. Numerous laws which addressed the civil rights of women were passed during this time. The Equal Pay Act, which made it illegal to pay different wages to men and women who performed the same job, was passed in 1963. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which barred discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, race, color, or ethnic group, was passed in 1964. In 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments banned sex discrimination in schools. Then t he following year, as a result of Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court established a womens right to a safe and legal abortion. These laws are a few of the many which were passed during the Womens Liberation Movement. In 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment was again brought to Congress for approval. This time the ERA passed and was sent on to the states for ratification; however, it failed to be approved by enough states. This second failure of the ERA may again be partially attributed to the opposition. This time, Phyllis Schlafly organized the opposition, maintaining that the passage of the ERA would lead to men abandoning their families, unisex toilets, gay marriages, and women being drafted. The Womens Liberation Movement brought many changes socially, economically, and politically, but perhaps the most significant advancement was consciousness raising. This term refers to the rethinking and confidence building that women began to do in the 1960s. Being able to talk about previously suppressed issues or feelings liberated women and helped them to acquire more positive self-images and more desirable roles in society. This consciousness was a significant aspect and legacy of the Womens Liberation M ovement. The impact of the Womens Liberation Movement is still with women today, as is the movement itself. Women have the right to vote in most nations and are being elected to public office at all levels of government. Women defy current stereotypes, and those of past generations, by becoming educated and self-aware. Women raise families by themselves and hold positions in all ranks of the workforce. Despite the many disparities that still exist among women and men in America and the rest of the world, women have come a long way. The Womens Liberation Movement was, and continues to be, a fight for womens equality in a world run predominately by men.WORKS CITEDEisenberg, Bonnie and Mary Ruthsdotter. The National Womens History Project.23 May 2004. Schultheiss, Katrin. Womens Rights. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia.23 May 2004. Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of the United States 1492-Present. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

Zinn essays

Zinn essays Howard Zinn looks at not only the history of the conquerors, rulers, leaders; but also the history of the enslaved, the oppressed, and the led. Like any American history book covering the time period of 1942 until the early 1760s, what is said in the first chapter of A Peoples History tells the story of the discovery of America. However, Zinn stresses the roles of a number of groups and ideas most books neglect or skim over. It is refreshing to see a book that spends space based around people that lived this history. On first read, Zinn's work sometimes seems mired in a simplistic dialectic between "victims and executioners.' But it's a soft dialectic; his moral outrage never comes unmoored from a sense of humanism and of the possibility of change. "The prisoners of the system will continue to rebel,' he writes in A People's History. But "the new fact of our era is the chance that they may be joined by the guards. When Columbus arrived on the Island of Haiti, there were 39 men abroad his ships compared to the 250,000 Indians on Haiti. If the white race accounts for less than two hundredths of one percent of the islands population, it is only fair that the natives get more than the two or three sentences that they get in most history books. Zinn cites population figures, first person accounts, and his own interpretation of their effects to create an accurate and fair depiction. The core part of any history book is obviously history. Zinn presents major historical facts of American history starting with Christopher Columbuss Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria landed in the Bahamas on October 12, 1942. It was there that Europeans and Native Americans first came into contact; Arawak natives came out to greet the whites, and the whites were only interested in finding the gold. From the Bahamas, Columbus sailed to Cuba and Hispaniola, the present-day home of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. One hun...

Phrases for Greeting People in English

Phrases for Greeting People in English Greetings There are a number of greetings we use when meeting people. These greetings depend on whether we are meeting people, leaving people or meeting people for the first time. Meeting People for the First Time When introduced to someone for the first time, use the following greetings: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you.How do you do. Example Dialogues Person 1: Ken, this is Steve.Person 2: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you. Person 1: How do you do.Person 2: How do you do. Note: The reply to How do you do. is How do you do. This is appropriate when you meet someone for the first time. Meeting People When meeting people during the day, use the following phrases. Formal Good morning / afternoon / eveningHow are you?Its good to see you. Informal HiHey, hows it going?Whats up? Example Dialogues Person 1: Good morning John.Person 2: Good morning. How are you? Person 1: Whats up?Person 2: Nothing much. You?

Biology with citation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology with citation - Essay Example However, when oxygen is present in a very less quantity inside the muscle cells, they temporarily convert pyruvate into a substance called lactate, which allows glucose breakdown for energy. This is also called as anaerobic energy production and as a result lactic acid is accumulated inside the muscle cells. Well, I was gasping because, I needed more oxygen to supply to my body cells for aerobic respiration and my legs were shaking because of a freight hormone, adrenaline – it is released when one feels some kind of fear, for example, examination fear in this case. In addition, the lactic acid accumulation increases the acidity of the muscle cells and disrupts other metabolites, and the muscle strains occur. 2.Deltoid is a three-headed muscle that caps the shoulder. The three heads are anterior, lateral and posterior heads. The anterior head is attached to the humerus, the lateral originates on the collarbone and the posterior head originates on the scapula. The deltoid muscle is a mover and a stabilizer, as it lifts the arm up and it also helps press the end of the upper arm bone into the shoulder socket. Since it has got three heads, the muscle can easily extend and flex the arm. 3. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a poisonous chemical found mostly within the liver, ovaries, intestines and skin. This chemical is found in Fugu – a puffer fish. The fish is really tasty but it may contain poisonous parts if sold by unlicensed vendors and unskilled preparation of puffer fish. TTX chemical is heat stable and its poisonous nature is not neutralized even after cooking fish. TTX binds to and blocks Sodium channels found on tissues such as nerves and muscles. The blockage of sodium entry through these ion channels makes these tissues non-functional. If a person consumes such toxins, the severity of the symptoms depends on the amount of TTX consumed. Since there is no antitoxin available against TTX, the treatment is largely supportive by

Quantitative Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitative Techniques - Essay Example The social and economic scenario is in the constant process of undergoing change and is influenced by a number of external factors. As such, there are numerous controllable and uncontrollable parameters that today’s decision makers need to take care of in order to prepare a careful course that can navigate through all idenfied obstacles. If adopted, qualititative, well-structured and a well-planned business forecasting effort can yield the desired results. As such, apart from feeling the need to forecast, it is also very important to plan the forecasting process with great precision (John E. Hanke, Arthur G. Reitsch, 1989). The rise in the growth and use of computing power to perform calculations has gained immense popularity among users. As such, with a good forecasting plan, one can easily perform the required analysis in a short time. Forecasting is used to identify a number of patterns that are deemed important to a company’s interests. It could include attributes such as the performance of stocks over a time period, pattern of sales, prices of essential raw materials, employee satisfaction surveys etc. a company can immensely benefit from business forecasting as these enable it to analyze its performance across various domains and also helps it compare itself amongst other competitors in the market. It enables the company to identify the segments that are not performing according to expectations and paves the way for adopting suitable solutions to overcome them. As the economy is dynamic in nature, there is an ncreasing need to prepare the future map in advance, which emphasizes the need fo r business forecasting. In the recent years, business forecasting has adopted an extensive scientific flavor that includes the fusion of various business theories and techniques to forecast specific types of data. It can involve procedures as simple as spreadsheets to massive database networks that are performing trillions of

University professors pay Essay Example for Free

University professors pay Essay Since professor is such a demanding job, and its supply is so less, its replacibility is low and thus its price is comparatively high. In contrary, street cleaner is not as demanding career as professors, it requires low requirements of knowledge, low expectation on outsiders, time and money used for training a street cleaner is less. In general, everyone can be a street cleaner and so its replacibility is low. The responsibility of being a street cleaner is simple. They are just responsible to clear the street every day, so the corresponding pressure is affordable for everyone. Thus, the demand of being a street cleaner is lower and its supply is so high, its pay will be comparatively low. Also, on the technological perspective, professor can be said to be a professional educator, which needs many technology such as computer, telecommunication devices as the teaching aids , but street cleaner is just a simple job, they need some simple  tool such as cleaning car, water pipe and other washing machines. Not only the types o technologies are different, and also the investment varies. As those technology used on teaching needs up-to-date and large amount of machine is needed in order to provide enough equipment for students, so a great deal of money is needed to invest on technology. However, for street cleaner, one cleaning machine can be served several districts, and so the amount needed is less, the investment is comparatively low. Referring to Lenskis technological perspective, the one used better technology should be paid more while the one used cheaper technology should be paid less, therefore a street cleaners pay should not be similar to university professors pay. With the analyses on social perspective, economic perspective and technological perspective, it is believed that the variation of payment between street cleaners and professors should be existed so that the development on all aspects can be continued. It is no doubt that the existence on payment variation may worsen the social inequality, but it is also believed that the inequality can be solved in some other ways such as the rich can help the poor through the donation and visit. This kinds of activities can reduce their conflict and so we can still live in a harmony atmosphere. References Bilton, Tony et al. (2002), Introductory Sociology (4th edition), Basingstoke: Palgrave. Giddens, Anthony (2001), Sociology (4th edition), chapter 3: A Changing World, pp. 50-64.. Macionis, John 2003 Social Stratification, in John Macionis Society: The Basics , chapter 8, pp. 187-198. Kreckel, R. 1980. Unequal opportunity structure and labour market segmentation. Sociology 14:525-550.

Free College Essays - Psychological Approach to The Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

The Psychological Approach to The Things They Carried  Ã‚   In Tim O' Brian's, The Things They Carried, he talks about the Vietnam War and it's effects country.  Ã‚   O' Brian uses the psychological approach to tell the sorrows of war .   The things that they carried had all represented a part of each soldier.   In the days of the Vietnam war, they did not expect a woman to fight in a war. The story is better understood because the reader knows the background of the story and the characters personality.   The thought was just unacceptable and definitely not normal.   The two methods of interpreting a story fused together brings about a great understanding of the characters and the event which is about to take place. The deceitful interpretations presented, the things they carried, and a transformation of a dainty girl that turns into a survivor are examples of each method presented. The deceitful interpretation presented in "How to tell a true war story", is an example of Historicism.   Today, people hear about the vietnam war   through family members, friends and veterans.   When people tell war stories they try to make themselves seem victorious.   It makes the person listening feel as if it was all in the good of the people by killing people.  Ã‚  Ã‚   O'Brian somehow justifies a point in his book by stating,  Ã‚   "A true war story is never moral.   It does not instruct, nor encouraged virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing the things men have always done."  Ã‚   In actual reality more harm was done than good.   People were forced off of their lands to hide in safety and the economic consequence is fatal.   To derive to the point, O' Brian is saying there is no real   war story if the audience feels that killing people had made a big and better consequence.   To look back upon the Vietnam war it brought Vietnam to it's knees. The Americans assisted someone who asked them not to interfere and in the end there was no winner.   The Americans had nothing to gain by fighting this war.   The title was a contridictary of how to tell a true war story. As we carry on, we notice another example of the Historicism approach   in the story of   Song Tra Bong.   At first the young American girl is presented as an average girl in the 60's.

Terminal Illness Impact on Family Functioning and Bowenian Therapy

Terminal Illness Impact on Family Functioning and Bowenian Therapy Abstract This paper will discuss the adjustments that accompany terminal illness within a family setting. The methods that are applied in the theory of choice will be explored as to whether the treatment is appropriate for this type of tragedy. The compatibility of this theory and this issue will be explored when dealing with the family unit. Terminal Illness Impact and Bowenian Therapy A family is two or more people who consider themselves family and who assume obligations, functions, and responsibilities generally essential to healthy family life. (Barker, 1999. p. 55). Families create patterns that are passed on from grandparents to parents and from parents to children. These become the traditions and part of the value systems that are instilled in the lives of all that are involved. Murray Bowen developed his views of theory pertaining to family systems theory. His view is a theory of human behavior that views the family as an emotional unit and uses systems thinking to describe the complex interactions in the unit. (www. thebowencenter. org/pages/theory. html). His perspective of the family as a whole having an impact on each individual family member was also shared by many of his colleagues.The objective was to work with the family to understand that unresolved conflict with our original families is the most important unfinished business of our lives. He started out working with mother and child, and then he added fathers to the equation. (Nicholas & Schwartz. 2009, p. 138). The interactions between family members generate how a crisis is handled. If a family is close knit, it may be a considered a sign of weakness to let outsiders know how they are feeling or if there is a problem within the family.Generation to generation brings an aspect to the next generation about how a matter such as terminal illness is handled. The emotional interdependence presumably evolved to promote the cohesive ness and cooperation families require to protect, shelter, and feed their members. (www. thebowencenter. org/pages/theory. html). Older family members such as great grandparents may come from an era that believed in privacy or the cultures may consider this type of problem a bad omen. This is not necessarily a bad thing, but maybe not a good one either. Stress causes may reactions in many different ways.According to Bowen, the family is viewed as an emotional unit and uses system thinking to describe the complex interactions in the unit. (www. thebowencenter. org/pages/theory. html). A family has a specific purpose for everyone included. It gives a sense of familiar, a sense of completeness, and a sense of belonging. Attachment to the family member that is sick is ultimate for the entire family. The bond sometimes becomes more of an issue than the actual stress of the patient having a terminal illness. Terminal illness and death, however, would appear to be the ultimate way to resol ve the attachment bond. Clair, 2000, p. 512). Terminal illness is an infection or disease which is considered ultimately fatal or incurable. It can go undetected, patients cannot afford proper care, or the illness is virulent enough that it will resist medical intervention. (www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-terminal-illness. htm). Terminal illness impacts the entire family. The family consists of more than just parents and children. Grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, and uncles make up family as well. There are people who become part of a family through interactions throughout people’s lives.Friends can be just as much a part of the family as the biological members. Some people have better relationships with outside people than those who are born to them. Some parts of the family may not fit as well as others because even though a family is considered a functioning unit, all parts do not always work. When there is anxiety or stress within the family, the individual members show h ow they can function on their own. Differentiation of self from the family of origin is defined as the ability to function autonomously as an individual without being emotionally dependent upon or attached to the family process. Murdock & Gore, 2004, p. 319). Behind closed doors families have an order of rank. There is an order that an individual serves in the community, but the family is the most important role someone can have. The individual that has the strongest backbone so to speak is usually the person higher up the rank chain. This person is usually the tradition carrier. This is usually the one who has the ability to keep the family functioning in time of stress. The responsibility that accompanies being a family member may be more than some people can handle.When a serious illness is an issue that families deals with every day, somehow there will be problems. If there is an imbalance between togetherness and separation forces in the family system, anxiety is experienced wi thin the individual. (Ecke, Chope, & Emmelkamp. (2006), p. 84). Stress is any influence that interferes with the normal functioning of an organism and produces some internal strain or tension. (Barker, 2003. p. 420). Discovering that a tragedy of this type is a problem within any family is not a good thing, yet sometimes it takes a crisis to fix what is wrong.Stress contributes to the way an individual’s life will function. When a family is going through a traumatic event, the functioning of the individual is not what is thought about. The fact that someone that is loved is going through a hard time is a major factor. It is not a time to think about other members of the family, it is centered on the person who is sick. Most families put the differences aside so that the issue at hand can be dealt with. Bowen viewed that the two forces: togetherness and individuality centered on the two counterbalancing each other. (Nichols & Schwartz. 009. P. 140). If a family member has an u nresolved issue of some sort with other family members, then how can it be expected for the family to function in a time of distress? Resolving an emotional attachment to the family is what this theory says must take place in order for the functioning to work. As adults we are expected to fulfill certain roles and positions. As productive aspects of the community as well as within the family as a participating member, this must be accomplished. It reflects back to the upbringing and the culture that a person comes from.When a family is not able to function as a whole unit, stress can be a good thing because it gives the family a common goal in which to work towards fixing together. Terminal illness can be a surprise as well as an expected occurrence. It can cause strain on a family emotionally, financially, and physically. Dealing with grief and loss, may make the family feel as if they are on a roller coaster ride. The ability of a family’s survival is a part of the foundati on on which the family is built. Illness can last for short periods of time as well as for extended periods.Every member of a family handles situations differently. According to Kubler-Ross, grief has stages that a person goes through. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance is the order in which a person is suppose to grieve, but it may not necessarily work out that way. (Zastraw & Kirst-Ashman, 2007. p. 566). Some stages may be skipped or some may not be gone through at all. The ability to pass from one stage to the next is how the family system functions is an aspect of Bowen’s theory. In Bowen’s theory, the stress response expands beyond the individual to include the family.He theorized that if a family functions under the strain of stress then the individual could function. The family as a unit revolves around the fact that each member of the family plays an important role. If one of the members can not pull their weight, then the entire family could suffer. If one person is not able to accept and handle what is thrown out when dealing with an issue such as terminal illness then the entire family system could suffer. The way a family works is dependent on how its members can work together as a single functioning unit. Families create alliances in many ways.Sometimes in families parents are each others’ support while the children usually stick together. Usually alliances are formed as well as the normal array. Children gravitate to the grandparents or to a favorite aunt or uncle as well as other relatives. The family figures out how to make the family work by the way the alliances are formed. The way problems are handled can easily be passed from generation to generation. Culture plays a part in how families deal with issues within the family. Children are affected more often during this type of situation in the family.The adults feel that the children should be protected at all cost. Grieving is a normal process of life as well as being a part of the family circle. Grief is the multifaceted response to death and losses of all kinds, including psychological, emotional, social, and physical reactions according to Waldrop. (Waldrop, 2007, p. 198). Telling a child that a parent or grandparent has a sickness that may take them away is somewhat difficult to do. If a child is not an appropriate age to understand the concept of what a terminal illness is, then they cannot grieve properly.This is a part of the family system that has a breakdown. The children not understanding and being able to cope and function as individuals in the system gives the theory some weight. Even adults who do not come to terms with the severity of the stress of dealing with a terminal illness will cause extra stress for the family. People who are not biological member of a family can still be family members. Doctors, nurses, and other caregivers become a part of the family because of the relationship that is build when they come into ontact with the family. As an individual tries to demonstrate the capability of growing and becoming a productive part of society, the way a family creates bonds is essential to that goal. As people interact relationships from all walks will make paths become intertwined. Some of these relationships become as strong as relationships that come from within the family and just as important. Bowen believed that a family functions as a unit if the individuals in the family system can function on their own.His theory is to help the individual and the entire family is helped. When a serious crisis comes along and the family members must deal with the emotional, psychological, and even the physical aspects, the ability to put small things aside to look at the overall picture comes into play. It is shown that families work only as well as the members in the family work. Different theorists have used the initial framework of family systems as the basis for their ideas and it has been sh own many times that as a system the family works whether functional or dysfunctional.This theory of Bowen has shown that in order for the family to function in a crisis the individual family members must be able to work together to form the unit. It takes every member doing his or her part. Taking care of individual needs in order to build and maintain healthy relationships is a must. The family does operate as a unit running on the mind, body, and soul of each and every member. It is critical that each member be able to interact and function with the other members. Murray Bowen had the conception that the unit that makes a family can function as a whole if the members can work together.It is a must that a family needs all of the members in order to create the bound of togetherness that is required to perform completely. There are other theories that would also fit this issue of terminal illness, but Bowen’s Theory also fits that illness and it shows that family members have an impact on a family while dealing with a serious problem. Family means many things to many people. It requires work regardless of the situation that a family is in. The acceptance of loving your family is part of the bond that will not allow a family to stray away from one another even though there will be struggles.The perception that a family is only functioning if all are participating is not always true. The fact that members can allow themselves to see, give, and say that love is in their hearts and minds, makes a family a wonderful place to be. The theory of Bowen’s and his colleagues helped to create ways for families and their members to have an available resource of treatment. It is good to know that there are options out there that are beneficial to families and their members. References Barker, R. L. (ED). (2003). The Social work dictionary (5th ed. ) Baltimore, MD: NASW Press.Clair, M. St. , (2000). An unfortunate family: terminal illness and the altering of the attachment Bond. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 54 (4), 512 -518. Davis, B. D. , Cowley, S. , & Ryland, R. (1996). The effects of terminal illness on patients and careers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23, 512 – 520. Ecke van, Y. , Chope, R. C. , & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2006), Bowlby and Bowen: attachment theory and family therapy. Counseling and Clinical Psychology Journal, 3(2), 81-108. Fraser, B. , McKay, L. , & Pease, L. , (2010). Interview with Michael Kerr.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 31(1), 100 – 109. Klever, P. (2005). Multigenerational stress and nuclear family functioning. Contemporary Family Therapy, 27 (2), 233 – 250. Murdock, N. , & Gore, P. (2004). Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: a test of Bowen Theory. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26 (3), 319 – 335. Nichols, M. , & Schartz, R. , (2009). The essentials of family therapy, 4/e. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Waldrop, D. , (2007). Caregiver grief in terminal illnes s and bereavement: a mixed-methods Study.Health and Social Work, 12 (4), 197 -206. Wright, J. , (2009). Self-soothing – a recursive intrapsychic and relational process: the Contribution of the Bowen Theory to the process of self-soothing. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 30 (1), 49 – 41. www. thebowencenter. org/pages/theory. html retrieved on October 16, 2011 at 4:30p. m. www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-terminal-illness. htm retrieved on November 1, 2011 at 1:15 a. m. Zastrow, C. , & Kirst-Ashman, K. (Ed). (2007). Understanding human behavior and the social Environment (7th ed. ) Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole.

How does Carter portray power throughout the novel Wise Children? Essay

The novel Wise Children, written by Angela Carter, is the memoirs of two song and dance girls, Nora and Dora Chance, following both their trials and tribulations, but also parts of their families. Carter wrote Wise Children once she had discovered she was dying of cancer and suddenly the power to control her life had been taken out of her hands. Throughout the novel, Carter displays the use of power to change the readers perspective on certain things in life, such as when Nora loses her virginity. It is in a back alley with a married man and so could appear seedy and inappropriate, however, Nora chooses this situation, having made clear decisions about how and who with she wants to lose her virginity to, ‘she would have him. ’ Nora has the power in this situation, and it is exactly what she wants. This makes it more acceptable, ‘He was the one she wanted, warts and all. ’ Nora is not taken advantage of or made to do anything she doesn’t want to, and because she has the power and control at the time, what she is doing does not seem as unacceptable as it would if Nora did not seem to entirely understand what she was doing. Dora wants to be in charge of her own identity and her own opinions, and in control of her own life. Irish, who Dora meets in Hollywood, wants to change Dora to what he thinks is right, ‘he kept on insisting on forgiving me when there was nothing to forgive. ’ Dora, in her eyes, was doing nothing wrong, but simply being herself. This was not enough for Irish, he wanted her to be educated to his standards. Irish however controls what Dora learns so he is in charge or what she says and does as much as possible, ‘What he wanted for himself was an infinitely renewable virgin. ’ Irish wants a girl who will listen to what he teaches her and not question him. Dora knows she cannot stay with Irish as he was the control in their relationship, but she does not want him to be in charge of who she is. Dora takes the power, and she chooses to end the relationship. Gengis Khan knows women come to him for fame. Gengis is a very powerful man in Hollywood and he uses this to manipulate and take advantage of people, ‘he was the master/madam of a very peculiar brothel, where all the girls for sale were shadows. ’ The girls Gengis ‘sells’ are on a quest for fame and he uses his great power to use them and sell them with empty promises, ‘Why actresses go down on their knees to me! ’ Gengis uses women for sex to show them who is in control. Gengis keeps a photo of his wife ‘Daisy Duck’ or Delia Delaney in his office, in on display so that anyone that goes into it will see the image. Delia is one of the most famous women in Hollywood, and her fame is because of Gengis. The image is on display so that the women that come to Gengis for fame can see what he could possibly make them if they do what he requests when and how he wants. This is clearly a sordid abuse of his power, however, he knows girls that are desperate for fame will do almost anything if they think it will make them famous. Dora does not let Gengis manipulate her. Gengis wants her to sleep with him however she will not, ‘I’d feel ever so more comfortable if you put your shirt back on Mr Khan. ’ There is a power shift here, as suddenly Dora is taking the power over Gengis, rather than how it ususally is, where Gengis is able to abuse his power over women in Hollywood. Another shift in dominance and power is when Tiffany takes control over her relationship with Tristam. ‘I love you†¦ Forgive me. ’ Here Tiffany takes control, ‘Fat chance. ’ She now has the power in the relationship, knowing she’ll be better off without Tristam. Tiffany does not want to spend her life with Tristam, ‘I wouldn’t marry you if you were the last man in the world. ’ She won’t let herself be controlled by Tristam any longer, as she knows he is not going to be a good Father or partner, ‘You’ve not got what it takes to be a father. There’s more to fathering than fucking you know. ’ Tristam does in fact seem very self-centred, he cares mostly about himself and his money and appears to believe that his status gives him power over Tiffany as he has given her a job and he is wealthy. This however is not true as soon Tiffany realises in fact she will be better off without Tristam and knows she can cope alone as it is obvious Tristam only proposed to her as she is having his child and he was desperate to try and appear like he was dealing with the situation correctly, showing a slight feminist edge that appears during the novel. Power is displayed in many ways throughout the novel. Carter often allows the women to take control over the men, although the men in many situations try to take over and change the women, such as Dora and Irish. Irish tries to educate Dora, because he does not think she is intelligent and often thinks the sings she says are wrong, whereas she disagrees. She leaves him because she does not feel she is right for him. She is too strong willed. We could reflect the power struggle to Carter herself as she is losing control over her life and so perhaps this is why she displays power in such ways throughout the novel. Power is often taken away from the men and given to the women throughout the novel as they stand up for themselves and their lives, such as Tiffany and Tristam, when Tiffany will not marry him simply because she is having his child. Carter shows the men in the novel to be flawed throughout the novel, as their grasps on power fail as she dispels the idea of male superiority throughout Wise Children.

Wall Street Crash of October 1929

Wall Street Crash of October 1929 In the 1920s, many people felt they could make a fortune from the stock market. Forgetting the volatility of the stock market, they  invested their entire life savings. Others bought stocks on credit (margin). When the stock market took a dive on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the country was unprepared. The economic devastation caused by the Stock Market Crash of 1929 was a key factor in beginning the Great Depression. A Time of Optimism The end of World War I in 1919 heralded a new era in the United States. It was an era of enthusiasm, confidence, and optimism, a time when inventions such as the airplane and the radio made anything seem possible. Morals from the nineteenth century were set aside. Flappers became the model of the new woman, and Prohibition renewed confidence in the productivity of the common man. It is in such times of optimism that people take their savings out from under their mattresses and out of banks and invest it. In the 1920s, many invested in the stock market. The Stock Market Boom Although the stock market has the reputation of being a risky investment, it did not appear that way in the 1920s. With the mood of the country exuberant, the stock market seemed an infallible investment in the future. As more people invested in the stock market, stock prices began to rise. This was first noticeable in 1925. Stock prices then bobbed up and down throughout 1925 and 1926, followed by a strong upward trend in 1927. The strong bull market (when prices are rising in the stock market) enticed even more people to invest. By 1928, a stock market boom had begun. The stock market boom changed the way investors viewed the stock market. No longer was the stock market only for long-term investment. Rather, in 1928, the stock market had become a place where everyday people truly believed that they could become rich. Interest in the stock market reached a fevered pitch. Stocks had become the talk of every town. Discussions about stocks could be heard everywhere, from parties to barber shops. As newspapers reported stories of ordinary people, like chauffeurs, maids, and teachers, making millions off the stock market, the fervor to buy stocks grew exponentially. Buying on Margin An increasing number of people wanted to buy stocks, but not everyone had the money to do so. When someone did not have the money to pay the full price of stocks, they could buy stocks on margin. Buying stocks on margin means that the buyer would put down some of his own money, but the rest he would borrow from a broker. In the 1920s, the buyer only had to put down 10 to 20 percent of his own money and thus borrowed 80 to 90 percent of the cost of the stock. Buying on margin could be very risky. If the price of stock fell lower than the loan amount, the broker would likely issue a margin call, which means the buyer must come up with the cash to pay back his loan immediately. In the 1920s, many speculators (people who hoped to make a lot of money on the stock market) bought stocks on margin. Confident in what seemed a never-ending rise in prices, many of these speculators neglected to seriously consider the risk they were taking. Signs of Trouble By early 1929, people across the United States were scrambling to get into the stock market. The profits seemed so assured that even many companies placed money in the stock market. Even more problematic, some banks placed customers money in the stock market without their knowledge. With the stock market prices upward bound, everything seemed wonderful. When the great crash hit in October, people were taken by surprise. However, there had been warning signs. On March 25, 1929, the stock market suffered a mini-crash. It was a prelude of what was to come. As prices began to drop, panic struck across the country as margin calls were issued. When banker Charles Mitchell made an announcement that his bank would keep lending, his reassurance stopped the panic. Although Mitchell and others tried the tactic of reassurance again in October, it did not stop the big crash. By the spring of 1929, there were additional signs that the economy might be headed for a serious setback. Steel production went down; house construction slowed, and car sales waned. At this time, there were also a few reputable people warning of an impending, major crash. However, when months went by without one, those that advised caution were labeled pessimists and ignored. Summer Boom Both the mini-crash and the naysayers were nearly forgotten when the market surged ahead during the summer of 1929. From June through August, stock market prices reached their highest levels to date. To many, the continual increase in stocks seemed inevitable. When economist Irving Fisher stated, Stock prices have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau, he was stating what many speculators wanted to believe. On September 3, 1929, the stock market reached its peak with the Dow Jones Industrial Average closing at 381.17. Two days later, the market started dropping. At first, there was no massive drop. Stock prices fluctuated throughout September and into October until the massive drop on Black Thursday. Black Thursday, October 24, 1929 On the morning of Thursday, October 24, 1929, stock prices plummeted. Vast numbers of people were selling their stocks. Margin calls were sent out. People across the country watched the ticker as the numbers it spit out spelled their doom. The ticker was so overwhelmed that it quickly fell behind. A crowd gathered outside of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, stunned at the downturn. Rumors circulated of people dying by suicide. To the great relief of many, the panic subsided in the afternoon. When a group of bankers pooled their money and invested a large sum back into the stock market, their willingness to invest their own money in the stock market convinced others to stop selling. The morning had been shocking, but the recovery was amazing. By the end of the day, many people were again buying stocks at what they thought were bargain prices. On Black Thursday, 12.9 million shares were sold, which was double the previous record. Four days later, the stock market fell again. Black Monday, October 28, 1929 Although the market had closed on an upswing on Black Thursday, the low numbers of the ticker that day had shocked many speculators. Hoping to get out of the stock market before they lost everything (as they thought they had on Thursday morning), they decided to sell. This time, as the stock prices plummeted, no one came in to save it. Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929 October 29, 1929, became known as the worst day in stock market history and was called, Black Tuesday. There were so many orders to sell that the ticker quickly fell behind. By the end of close, it had lagged to 2 1/2 hours behind. People were in a panic, and they couldnt get rid of their stocks fast enough. Since everyone was selling, and nearly no one was buying, stock prices collapsed. Rather than the bankers rallying investors by buying more stocks, rumors circulated that they were selling. Panic hit the country. Over 16.4 million shares of stock were sold, a new record. The Drop Continues Not sure how to stem the panic, the decision was made to close the stock market on Friday, November 1 for a few days. When it reopened on Monday, November 4 for limited hours, stocks dropped again. The slump continued until November 23, 1929, when prices seemed to stabilize. However, this was not the end. Over the next two years, the stock market continued to drop. It reached its low point on July 8, 1932, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 41.22. Aftermath To say that the  Stock Market Crash of 1929  devastated the economy is an understatement. Although reports of mass suicides in the aftermath of the crash were most likely exaggerations, many people lost their entire savings. Numerous companies were ruined. Faith in banks was destroyed. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 occurred at the beginning of the Great Depression. Whether it was a symptom of the impending depression or a direct cause of it is still hotly debated. Historians, economists, and others continue to study the Stock Market Crash of 1929 in the hopes of discovering the secret to what started the boom and what instigated the panic. As of yet, there has been little agreement as to the causes. In the years after the crash, regulations covering buying stocks on margin and the roles of banks have added protections in the hopes that another severe crash could never happen again.

Accounting Study Essay Example for Free (#2)

Accounting Study Essay ? a) The ethical issue is the corporate reporting department is not recording the late entries and reporting incorrect numbers on purpose. b) Troy Normand is acting immorally because as a manager he is not making sure that the numbers are being recorded correctly. c) I would have done what a manager supposed to do and make sure the numbers and late entries are being recorded correctly. d) The major stakeholders are the employees. 1) Relevance- accounting information must be capable of making a difference in a decision. Predictive value, confirmatory value, and materiality help make up relevance. 2) Faithful representation- that the numbers and descriptions match what really existed or already happened. Completeness, neutrality, free from error help make up faithful representation. 3) Understandability- decision makers vary widely in the types of decisions they make, how they make decisions, the information they already possess or can obtain from other sources, and their ability to process the information. The quality of information that lets reasonably informed users see its significance. 4) Comparability- Information that is measured and reported in a similar manner for different companies is considered comparable. Enables users to identify the real similarities and differences in economic events between companies. 5) Consistency- is presented when a company applies the same accounting treatment to similar events, from period to period. Through such application, the company shows consistent use o f accounting standards. 1) If I want to buy shares in Pepsi Co I will sacrifice faithful representation for a gain from relevance. I can check the predictive value,  confirmatory value, and materiality of the company for the future value. 2) If I am choosing between two companies General Motors and Toyota I sacrifice relevance and chose consistency to see which company shows consistent use of accounting standards from period to period, to help me make my decision. 3) I am looking to invest in either Toyota or General Motors I sacrifice consistency and gain from using comparability. I can see the differences in the similar companies in a similar manner. 4) If I own shares in General Electric and I see that General Electric issues a three month report that shows interim earnings have declined significantly. I will sacrifice relevance and gain from understandability because of the information and sell my shares. C c) The Decision Usefulness criterion should be used to evaluate trade-offs between information characteristics. a) Realized or realizable, earned. A company realizes revenue when it exchanges products, merchandise, or other assets for cash or claims to cash. Revenue is realizable when the assets received or held are readily convertible into cash or claims to cash. A company delays recognition of revenues until earned. Revenues are considered earned when the company substantially accomplishes what it must do to entitle to the benefits represented by the revenues. B 1) Revenue is realized because it exchanges products for a claim to cash. 2) Revenue is realizable because of the claims to cash and the publication of the magazine every month. 3) Revenue is earned because the company accomplished what it must do to be entitled to the benefits. Accounting Study. (2016, Oct 18).

Role of Women in the Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Women in the Military - Essay Example During the First World War, many women served in the military as nurses and also offered other assigned support roles to the armies of various nations. However, the only nation that was acknowledged for using a large number of female fighter troops was Russia (Stone 155). One of the most famous martial camps was Cossack regiment, front-line light cavalry under the leadership of a woman. Maria Bochkareva, another famous and astounding female figure in the military, worked her way out to one of the most crucial military ranks as a senior NCO. Bochkareva was given the mandate to command the first unit in 1917 following the establishment of â€Å"Women’s Battalions† by the interim government (Stone 154-58). The women were expected to propagate war propaganda, which they never did well leading to their disbandment. Nonetheless, the women fought their war well, albeit propaganda delivery failed. Bochkareva would later recruit women infantry in Russian Civil War. The role play ed by women in both civil war and World War I still remains conspicuous and cannot be ignored. The Second World War occurred on global unprecedented scale, which created the necessity to mobilize the entire society to join war. This increased the chances of women participation in the military and they became important and indispensable part of national armies. During World War II, some women took to nursing roles while many others were engaged in clerical and support roles. In 1938, Britain created military roles for women besides a small group of women who had been serving in the British military as nurses. By 1941, many British women were enrolled in the army affiliate, Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) and later approved military status (Martel 253). Martel argues that â€Å"The National Service Act of December 1941 drafted 125,000 women into the military over the next three years while 430,000 more